Conflicts between states are often explained through external determinants such as power politics, alliances, and geopolitics. Yet, an equally critical…

Since 2021, Pakistan had been hoping that the Taliban would stabilize Afghanistan by returning to power in Kabul and ensure…

Pakistan and Afghanistan share a border, a people, and a century of tangled politics. Their relationship has been shaped by…

The Deobandi school of Islam, born in nineteenth century British India, has long been more than a religious movement. It…

The Hamas-led attack on Israel on October 7, 2023, has dramatically altered the geopolitical landscape of the Middle East and…

The brief but intense armed conflict between India and Pakistan in May 2025, precipitated by the horrific Pahalgam terrorist attack…

When we study international relations, it becomes clear that personality can shape foreign policy in profound ways. Donald J Trump…